Catalog excerpts. Open the catalog to page 2. Open the catalog to page 5. Open the catalog to page 6. Open the catalog to page 7. CC Open the catalog to page 8.
Open the catalog to page 9. Open the catalog to page Open the catalog to page 6. Open the catalog to page 7. Open the catalog to page 8. Open the catalog to page 9. Open the catalog to page Product Information Adjustable Props 12 Pages. Secuset - White paper 8 Pages. Stacking pallet - Product Information 2 Pages. Suspending piece for pros with spring lock - Product Information 2 Pages.
Modular column formwork adjustable - Product Information 2 Pages. Modular foundation tie clamp - Product Information 2 Pages. Labour quality Degree of labour quality Table 1 and translated into linguistic terms. The same procedure is followed with the fuzzy input variables along with their linguistic all other factors for each system.
These linguistic values and membership functions. This was done in such a way that if the pre- system to fulfil the fuzzy input values. Table 5 pre- from the questionnaire results. The mean degree was 7. These precon- low, crane capacity is low, cost is low, degree of ditions are stored in the form of fuzzy rules. To complexity is medium, and labour quality is high develop the rules, first the average degrees of each of then the conventional wooden formwork is good, the the five factors for each formwork system were table form is poor,.
For example, in this rule and according to This is based on the degree to which the input Table 6 for the conventional wooden formwork, if elements meet the preconditions of a rule, which cycle time is low, crane capacity is low, available is measured by the obtained membership values capital is low, slab complexity is medium, and labour from the fuzzy set concerned.
These inputs result in a total of a rule contributes to the output value. Various methods can be based system used to defuzzify the overall membership func- With the membership functions and fuzzy rules for- tion, among which the centre of area method is mulated, it is possible to use them with specific values the most common.
This process is known as the fuzzy rule-based inference. The solution process is started by Score fuzzifying the input data. The fuzzification process is 12 7 9 8 9 9 carried out to assign the degree of membership of each numerical input versus each of the membership functions representing the linguistic values of the 5 3 1 2 2 2 3 input linguistic variables.
Next, the firing strength of Numerical scores each rule is calculated. The next step is to aggregate the conclusions of the practice Area of H H H H H H different rules to generate the overall membership function for each output. The output overall member- ship function is then defuzzified in order to obtain a crisp output value for each output variable. The Complexity Slab type defuzzification method used here is the centre of area. The multi-flex and S-beam systems are acceptable alternative sys- tems.
The other three systems: conventional wooden equipment formwork, telescopic and early striking, have scores Capacity Hoisting less than 5. Referring to the knowledge-based system presented in Table 2, using the case parameters, it can be construction concluded that the table form system is the most suit- Table 6 Composition of a fuzzy decision rule Cycle time able system for the current application.
This shows Speed of L L L L L L the conformity of the results using both the developed simplified knowledge-based system and the fuzzy logic model. The flexibility of the system Telescopic beam and props was a major point of appeal. With few inputs, the sys- tem was able to determine the appropriate formwork system that the experts agreed on. Two significant developments were intro- Ease of use 4.
First, a knowledge-based system Relevance of inputs 3. The system proved to be useful system as shown in the application example repre- and accurate when applied to a real-life case. In addi- sents the first verification and validation. The experts formworks. Next, each expert was asked to References evaluate the model based on seven criteria. Each of those seven criteria was to be given a score from 1 Abdel-Razek, M. The average score given by the users for each — The overall average Abdullah, A.
Chan, A. ASCE Journal of Six slab formwork systems were recognized as the Construction Engineering and Management, 4 , — most commonly used systems in Egypt and five fac- Chao, L. ASCE factors affecting slab formwork selection. These fac- Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, tors are: speed of construction, hoisting equipment, 11 , — The Dweiri, F. Formwork is a temporary mould into which construction and stripping time. A typical break- resisting bending, shear, and deflection.
It produces smooth concrete surfaces frames. Formwork must be able to withstand and can be used repeatedly — 10 times up to construction forces that, in many respects, can times or more for some overlaid panels.
It is imperative that each component of the formwork be erected according Note: Discussion is expected before November, 1st Panel nominal dimensions Size Components Type of No. Each component of the form must be able to support its load from two points of view: 1 strength, based on the physical properties of the material used; 2 serviceability, the ability of the selected sections to resist the anticipated loads without exceeding deflection limits. Figure 1. Typical plywood panel: 1. Plywood sheeting; 2.
Typical deflection limits for the various com- Batten; 3. Brace; 4. Figure 2. Plywood panels: 1. Wooden wedges; 3. Wale; 4. Plate washer; 5. Bolt Nut ; 6.
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