The children learn to manipulate those beads to perform arithmetic calculations such as addition and division. Abacus for Kids is a great way to make their math skills accurate and faster. The first Chinese Abacus was invented around B. The Abacus, as we know it today, was used in China around A. Tuttle Company Inc. ISBN: The abacus, or soroban as it is called in Japan, is one of the first objects that strongly attracts the attention of the foreigner in Japan.
When he buys a few trifling articles at some store, he soon notices that the tradesman does not perplex himself with mental arithmetic, but instead seizes his soroban, prepare it by a tilt and a rattling sweep of his hand, and after a deft manipulation of rapid clicks, reads off the price. If he tried, he could no doubt easily add 37 and 48 in his head.
But such is the force of habit that he does not try to recognize the simplicity of any problem; instead, following the line of least resistance, he adjusts his soroban for manipulation, and begins clicking the beads, thus escaping any need of mental effort. Doubtlessly the Westerner, with his belief in the powers of mental arithmetic and the modern calculating machine, often mistrusts the efficiency of such a primitive looking instrument.
However, his mistrust of the soroban is likely to be transformed into admiration when he gains some knowledge concerning it. For the soroban, which can perform in a fraction of time, a difficult arithmetic calculation that the Westerner could do laboriously only by means of pencil and paper, possesses distinct advantages over mental and written arithmetic. The Japanese tradesman with his soroban would easily outstrip a rapid and accurate Western accountant even with his adding machine. An exciting contest between the Japanese abacus and the electric calculating machine was held in Tokyo on November 12, , under the sponsorship of the U.
Army newspaper, the Stars and Stripes. The Japanese representative was Mr. As may be seen from the results tabulated on the following page [sic], the abacus scored a total of 4 points as against 1 point for the electric calculator. Such results should convince even the most skeptical that, at least so far as addition and subtraction are concerned, the abacus possesses an indisputable advantage over the calculating machine. Its advantages in the fields of multiplication and division, however, were not so decisively demonstrated.
Centre cerebrum, bridge cerebrum and medulla Oblongata are usually called Cerebrum trunk. Cerebrum is the most complicated part in nervous system and is the organ for psychology activities. The research of psychology indicates that the shape of the two hemispheres is similar but the function is different.
The left hemisphere has close relation with language ability and thinking activities and has the function of language, abstract thought and logical thinking.
The right hemisphere is concerned with object thinking such as image and shape and has the function of model identification, shape sense, creative thought and intuition. Most people consider that the function of the left hemisphere is prevailing over that of the right hemisphere but physiologists and psychologists generally consider that the potential of the right hemisphere needs to be exploited.
The ideal method is to identically use the both hemisphere, let the left hemisphere co — ordinate with the right hemisphere or the right hemisphere influence the left hemisphere to make the two hemispheres coordinating each other. At the same time, he also uses deduction and logic of the left hemisphere to prove and ascertain the scientific and mathematical value of these theories. Therefore, when both the left and right hemisphere cerebrum of the brain are combined and used effectively together, the results could be astonishing.
Moreover, when we look around us and see numerous and varied user friendly products, medical discoveries and many other technological wonders, we would have no doubt that they are made possible only by endless application of the combined powers of the brain. That is why the method on how to cultivate and utilize potentiality of cerebrum has becoming more and more important. Psychologists found that there are two ways to make the left and right hemisphere of cerebrum to function equal, thus the two hemispheres can be utilized equally and ideally.
One is pondering. This will restrains cerebrum activities and improves the communication between two hemispheres and makes the right hemisphere as functional as the left one. Second is through training. While it focuses on developing practical technique relating to the right hemisphere.
It is on the basis of Zhusuan, from Zhusuan and over zhusuan. Some may think that Abacus is a primitive method of calculation. If so, then one should change the way of thinking. Abacus is a result of scientific art handed down from 5, years of human life. It is impossible to think about seeing, listening, understanding and judgement, reasoning and imagination without the concept of figures.
We easily think about calculations of large and sizeable figures but there are lots of calculations of small figures around us which are not needed to use calculators , only to use mental arithmetic, our brain calculations or in other words, the activities of human brain. In order to imagine the abacus and its changes in mind, one should concentrate on his attention in imagination. Enhance the memory power.
In order to keep the shape of the changed abacus beads repeatedly, it will enhance the function of memory power. Improve reasoning, judgments, application and observation power. As the way of figure expression on abacus is so simple and clear comparing with other calculations, it is easy to compare and judge the figures.
Repeated supplement calculation provide us with improvement of reasoning, judgments, observation and application power. Improve the ability of calculation. Abacus is easy to learn and to adapt the way of calculation. As long as we improve the speed of calculation, the concentration of mind is enlarged and the accuracy is also improved.
With the ability of calculations improved, one would not be afraid of mathematics subject anymore. We should know that educational effect from the mathematics help to smooth the activities of human brain. Regarding the 5 distinctive remarks, we can say that those are standard features to access the capability of human brain.
Cerebellum has the function of co-ordinate movement to inject the right and left hemisphere together. Cerebrum is the most complicated organ in nervous system, but is the best treasure that God has given us. And it is the source of all our behavior, communication, thought, feelings, experiences and problem solving. The right hemisphere is concerned with object thinking such as image and shape and has the function of identification, shape sense, creative thought and intuition.
The ideal way is to identically use the left and right hemispheres, let the left hemisphere co—ordinate with the right hemisphere and the right hemisphere influence the left hemisphere to make the two hemispheres communicating each other. At the same time, he also used deduction and logic of the left hemisphere to prove and ascertain the scientific and mathematical value of this theory. Therefore, when the left and right hemisphere cerebrum of the brain are combined and used effectively together, the results could be astonishing.
Psychologists found that there are two ways to make the left and right hemisphere to function equal, thus the two hemispheres can be utilized equally and ideally. It is important that the developing intelligence should refer to exploiting the potentialities of our human brain.
Abacus can act as a calculation tool for abacus calculation Then, what is Abacus? It means that children convert the intangible numbers to tangible mental beads while calculating.
Experts found that by using two hands, the left and right to compute the beads in abacus will stimulate the two hemisphere of the brain. As we know our whole body system is controlled by our brain, the left hemisphere controlling the right side and the right hemisphere controlling the left side of the body. Thus when we move our hands together, it is activating the left and right hemisphere of the brain.
So when computing the beads in abacus with two hands, it stimulate the whole brain. Besides, the speed is at least 3 times faster than the single hand Some may think that Abacus is a primitive way of calculation. Abacus is a result of scientific art handed down on or before the Han Dynasty of human life in China. It is a calculation tool more than 2, years; yet, we are using to activate the potentiality of our human brain today. It is impossible to think about seeing, listening, understanding and judgment, reasoning and imagination without the concept of figures.
We easily think about calculation of large and sizeable figures but there are lots of calculations of small figures around us which are not needed to use calculators, only to use mental arithmetic. In other words, this is the activities of human brain.
How is the function of Abacus Mental Arithmetic? There are 4 ways to be used during the training of Mental Arithmetic Course. Simply say that mental arithmetic is realized by sense perception hearing and visual senses , memory, image of abacus beads, logical thinking, and adaptability to physiological mechanism and psychological activity.
And, after a systemic training, basically children will change their mental attitude, and be able to reckon accurately. Through the Mental Arithmetic training, Children will enjoy 5 benefits. Concentration is the concentrated and directed attention towards a particular matter with clear reflection that creates a deep image and mental impression.
An enhanced concentration leads to better absorption power. Studying will then be a joyful thing for these children. In the abacus and mental Arithmetic education, children will be trained to concentrate when listening to the questions from teacher, and then focus on calculating the sums accurately and fast as possible.
Memory is the ability to store and recall information and experiences. It has been found that memory in the left hemisphere would not stay long, but an image that is recorded in the right hemisphere would stay on in the mind longer. By stimulating the right hemisphere with abacus mental calculation, and in combination with the alertness of the eyes, ears and hands, the ability to store and recall is developed together. Therefore, the ability to solve 3 digits 10 rows arithmetic problems in a minute is only a small success in comparison to the actual mental training that has been done in order to achieve the skill to perform rapid calculations.
Observation is the ability to compare, analyze and differentiate objects, motives and steps. It is also a state of alertness and speeding of the mind and senses. This comes from the need to understand the theoretical requirements of each calculation. Frontal Lobe—planning, judgment, reasoning, voluntary movement Occipital Lobe- observation, vision Temporal Lobe- hearing, application power, language 4 Improve the ability of calculation.
Abacus Arithmetic is easy to learn and easy to adapt. As long as we improve the speed of Arithmetic, the concentration of mind is enlarged and the accuracy is also improved. Therefore, we should consider the child education on Mental Arithmetic by Image of Abacus Beads is a good system to cultivate and to enhance the function of human brain.
I suggest that 4 to 12 years old is the most ideal age. Secondly, the education on mental arithmetic by image of abacus beads belongs to the foundation of calculation.
During this period, children will feel easy to capture and easy to form a good habit to do calculation, especially at the age of 5 to 7. A famous Development Psychologist, by the name of J. Piaget too traced 4 stages of intellectual development that the Preoperational Stage from age of 2 to 7 and the concrete operational Stage from age 7 to 11 are the best age for them to capture and develop thinking by using language, picture, thing which are abstract symbols, letter numbers and learn to understand, to classify and compare things.
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Children learn to manipulate those beads to perform arithmetic calculation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. UCMAS children are trained in rapid math calculation with the help of physical abacus. Later, they move on to mental calculations where they develop the ability to picture the abacus in their minds and calculate quickly.
The crucial concept of visualization or thinking in pictures leverages the right brain and leads to dramatically higher levels of speed, efficiency and accuracy. It fosters active learning and activates key cognitive functions such as:.
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